Bullying on School Campuses - 2041 Words

| Bullying on School Campuses | | I. Introduction â€Å"Parents are way overprotective these days; getting picked on by tougher kids and hassling weaker ones is just a part growing up. It is how they learn to deal with the real world.† A statement heard by many people from adults. Unfortunately, this statement is incorrect. Throughout the course of years the US Department of Justice and Education indicate that more than eighty percent (80%) of public elementary and secondary schools report experiencing at least one violent incident ranging from bullying and physical fights to rape and assault with a weapon. (ProQuest Staff) This shows there is a need for change in society. A parent guardian as well as a student would want to be†¦show more content†¦In fact, on his transcript to his new school the principal stated that he was a class bully. The child too sick, too scared, too angry to go to school was the one the students classified as the terrorizing one; not recognizing he was the lonely, helpless one. Why does thi s sort of thing continue? The apathy of schools is to blame, mainly, apart from the cruelty of some children to others. III. Impact We need to teach schools how to deal with bullies and bullying. Students who come to administration with a concern are not tattle tales. And if you believe they are, that is fine. Also know that police officers and judges are tattle tales too. In fact, by not saying anything we are condoning the bully’s actions and telling them that it is okay to bully. Students need to know that it is okay to talk to someone / anyone about being bullied. We need anti-bullying restrictions shown more around the school for an effort to stop bullying in my opinion. Almost half of public high schools have a problem with bullying, but if you look at our student discipline/conduct section in the policies for the school there are more disciplinary actions taken for the usage of a cell phone or being tardy to a class then there is for bullying. In researching this subject, I never found an article that’s linked cell phone usage to suicide brought on by depression. Schools claim they do everything to create a safe andShow MoreRelatedThe Literature On School Climate And Bullying778 Words   |  4 PagesThis review of the literature on school climate and bullying provides a grim picture of day-to-day life as a child in school. But there is hope. There are as many programs and tools to combat bullying on campus as there are negative narratives and statistics that reveal its dark impact. There are many kinds of responses that schools can have in regards to creating safe spaces. Some of them are considered â€Å"hard† responses. These are things like zero tolerance polices, more security staff on campusRead MoreSpeech On The Bill Of Rights1153 Words   |  5 Pagescontent†, was â€Å"protected† under the laws (ACLZ). However, people are still demanding more. They want hate-related speech to be allowed on campuses –without knowing the effects and the damage it could do. Hate speech could bring people down, lower their confidences and their school performance, and in some case, school avoidance. The audiences of offensive speech on campuses are students. At these ages, their brains are still developing and are very sensitive. Hate speech could affect the way they thinkRead MoreSchool Campuses And Its Effects On The United States934 Words   |  4 PagesViolence in schools has spread widely throughout the world, leading to many problems among families and students. On April 20, 1999, Columbine High School was the most famous and deadly act of violence in the United States due to a lack of secur ity. The massacre happened where Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold killed 12 students, one teacher, and injuring 21 other students before turning the guns on themselves. As a safe environment such as school, it is very important to make sure students feel comfortableRead MorePublic Schools Have Improved Their Safety Protocols1299 Words   |  6 PagesOn April 20, 1999, two teenaged boys opened fire at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, killing 13 students and wounding more than 20 others before ending their lives later that day. This crime was the worst school shooting in the 20th century and it has drastically changed the ways our schools operate. Although schools today are still not 100% safe and have had a few incidents in the past 10 years, we are slowly evolving and becoming better each year. Because of the Columbine massacreRead MoreBullying And Its Effects On Society Essay1298 Words   |  6 PagesBullying, or being bullied, was once thought of as a normal process of growing up that had little to no impact in life. Now, it has become lethal enough to even go as far to convince one to end their life or commit a felony. The action of bullying a person has increased not just physically but also through the cyberspace world. As the world’s internet continues to expand with more social media and entertainment pages like Facebook, WorldStarHipHop, video blogging website, music video promotersRead MoreThe Behavior Problems Happening On Middle School Campuses Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesThe discipline has always been vital for the public schools that function properly. I believe that discipline is necessary for pupils to learn and that teachers are expected to establish and maintain schools that are known well-disciplined. Parents, educators, and community members have an expectation that student’s learning should be conducted in a safe and positive school environment. There are many serious incidents happening on school campuses su ch as assaults, rapes, drug, and crime in generalRead MoreThe Long Term Effects of Bullying Among Teenagers769 Words   |  3 Pagesissues, such as bullying, that are affecting individuals and the society, it is important that theoretical frameworks are used. According to the 2010 statistics, with bullying becoming a rapidly growing issue and concern affecting both youth and adults, the crime of bullying will not be going away anytime soon. Bullying is performed in several different forms ranging from physically, verbally, and even cyber within our school systems, work places, and on college/ university campuses. Which in turnsRead MoreOrganizations and Awareness towards LGBT Rights, Equality and Acceptance1298 Words   |  6 Pagesone’s sexual orientation. According to the gay bullying statistics from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, â€Å"About one fourth of all students from elementary age through high school are the victims of bullying and harassment while on school property because of their race, ethnicity, gender, disability, religion, or sexual orientation.† Being set apart from the norm is the primary reason for this particular type of bullying. To stop this discrimination based on sexual orientationRead MoreSpeech On The Dangers Of Bullying867 Words   |  4 Pagesthe people in the school districts, a representative of some sorts. Someone who everyone in the school can trust such as a popular kid or teen, or maybe the student council president if the school has one. If not, maybe a group of people, a committee who are part of the community where the students attend. Said spokesman, or person(s) needs to have exceptional communication skills to grab everyone s attention. That way, they can make the issue not sound plain and generic as bullying solutions haveRead MoreTypes of Bullying Behavior742 Words   |  3 PagesHow many of you know someone that has been a victim of bullying? or have been victims of a bully? Statistically schools students have a one in seven chance of being on the receiving end of a bullies rage (NBNBD). In the United States, there is an estimated 160,000 children miss school every day due to fear of attack or intimidation by other students (NEA), but what are the contributing factors in school violence? What and why do bullies to want to inflict pain on someone? We need to find the

World War II - 1190 Words

WWII Reading Questions http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/era.cfm?eraID=15smtID=2 1. Who was Joe Louis, why is he important, and why did he help to increase black enlistment into the military? He was important because he defeated a white boxer and encouraged blacks to enlist in the army 2. What was the first concentration camp and when was it set up? Dachau, 1933 3. What groups of people were targeted during the Holocaust? Jews, Gypsies, Polish Catholic, Russians, mentally and physically disabled, homosexuals, and political prisoners. 4. What was the â€Å"Final Solution†? The mass murder of Jews 5. Based on the reading, describe Auschwitz. more than 1.6 million were killed in Auschwitz, they didn t feed babies to see how long†¦show more content†¦What actions did Germany take after dropping out of the League of Nations? He went seeking more land in England 26. What areas was Hitler able to annex without interference of Britain and France? Austria 27. What is appeasement and why were Britain and France looked at as appeasing Germany? Appeasement is to make someone happy. They kept giving Germany breaks 28. What was agreed upon in the German-Soviet non-aggression pact? that the soviet union could have control over poland 29. What event caused the war to begin and what was Germany’s war tactic? WWI. Germany s war tactic was tp become the master race 30. Who became Prime Minister of Britain during the war? Winston Churchill 31. What was the German Air Force called? Luftwaffe 32. After failing to destroy Britain, what actions did Germany take? They invaded Belgium 33. What events occurred between Dec. 6 and Dec. 11, 1941? Soviet forces repulsed the German attacks on Moscow. This was Hitler s first defeat 34. Between 1935 and 1941, how was the US involved in the war? We responded to the war by issuing a proclamation of neutrality. In 1941 the President offered a Lend-Lease aid to the Soviet union. 35. What actions did the US take against Japan because of their expansion throughout Asia? America froze all Japanese bank accounts in the US. 36. When did the bombing of Pearl Harbor occur? Dec 7th 1941 37. In what ways was this attack not a total disaster for theShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The World War II1408 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent levels of the educational system most everyone has talked about the Second World War in great detail. The European and Pacific Theaters were the main focus of many historians and their writing, because war pertained to the audience of the time. WWII revolved around the idea of freedom and liberating the fascist governments of Europe, the homefront back in the states was the war machine that kept the war churning. Millions of pages have been written about the experiences and battles duringRead MoreThe War Of World War II1638 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was the most widespread war in history and it directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. This war lasted from 1939 to 1945. The war pinned the Axis nations which were Germany, Italy, Japan versus the Allied nations which were led by Britain and its Commonwealth n ation, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States. The Allies were victorious in the War. It was one of the most significant periods of time in the 20th century. The war resultedRead MoreThe War Of The World War II864 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat global conflict, the Second World War was the most extensive and lethal war in history, which involved more than 30 countries. It marked more than 50 million military and civilian deaths. Though dumbfounded by the events of December 7, Americans were also determined. President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war against Japan On December 8. The declaration passed with just one rebel vote. After three days, Germany and Italy, connected with Japan, declared war on the United States. America wasRead MoreThe War Of The World War II1387 Words   |  6 Pagesevents that could bring so many people together while simultaneously tearing them apart-- World War II is one of those events. While the beginning is not set in stone , many will argue that the war all started with the unwarranted German attack on Poland in September of 1939. As tensions rose between countries, conflict began to swell. Over 20 countries were involved, and alliances were established. The war was fought between two major alliances; the Allied powers and the Axis powers. The Allied powersRead MoreThe War Of The World War II846 Words   |  4 Pageseffected the world is World War II. It is an event that will never be forgotten because of how many different countries were involved and how it affected the Jews as well. During the war, the United States started to put up posters to get people to join the army and there were other countries that convinced the people to invest money into the war. Without the propaganda and the use of artwork on posters and flyers that they used to influence people in the U.S. they may have never won the war. One of theRead MoreThe World Of World War II1371 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II has been considered one of the worst things to ever occur in history. Violence, death and aggression took place in the 1930s and 1940s in certain European nations. German leader, Hitler played an important, yet a very big role during this time. With the rise and domination of fascism in Germany and Italy, the goal was to maintain peace, established by the Treaty of Versailles ended up in major disaster. World War II began with the poor economic conditions in Europe after World War IRead MoreThe World Of World War II1496 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It led to millions of deaths, and devastation across the world. Nazi Germany took control of many European countries, and Japan declared war on the United States. American soldiers were deployed and took action to protect the nation. The United States was in a constant limbo between being safe, and havin g war on its doorstep. Life for citizens, in the United States and other countries, was affected tremendously by the war, and has shapedRead MoreWorld War II1478 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the beginning Of World War II in 1939 until the end in 1945, the battles between the Allied and Axis powers were violent and caused great destruction. It became a world dispute after the attack on Pearl Harbor. From then on, countries such as the United States, France, Germany, Japan, the Soviet Union, and many others fought vigorously until a victory was achieved. World War II officially began after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and the United States declared war. The war was made up of a seriesRead MoreThe War Of World War II Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesSince its end, World War II has been talked about extensively by historians. The lead up to the war, the war itself, and the events after the war have contributed to why the war has been so popular among historians. The unique way the war was f ought and the way the war altered the course of history has intrigued historians. Up until World War II, civilians had generally been off limits in war. While you could cause as much carnage as you wished on the battlefield against soldiers, killing civiliansRead MoreThe War Of World War II1348 Words   |  6 PagesWorld War II was fought between two powers; the axis and the allied powers. The axis powers consisted of Germany, Italy, Japan, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria while the allied powers consisted of U.S., Britain, France, USSR, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, South Africa, and Yugoslavia. While the United States Armed Forces were deployed in other parts of the world, the ones back home were facing the struggles of a war they had no

Principals of Financial Market Economic Level Emphasises

Question: Describe about the Principals of Financial Market for Economic Level Emphasises. Answer: Introduction Before making any investment in a market or any industry, it is important to understand various types of brokers and traders in the market. Before making any investment decision it is important to have the basic knowledge regarding the stock market (Kinsky, 2012). When selecting a stock, an investor might use different analysis methods and the most important method that is used is fundamental analysis. All the investors are concerned with the share price which also involves the direction of share price. Fundamental analysis is the method that helps the investors in examining the basic drivers that affects the well being of the company. When the dealers or brokers use fundamental analysis, they use macro and micro fundamental analysis that include three major analyses such as industry, economy and company analysis (Singh, 2011). These three different levels of fundamental analysis provide different information that can be helpful for the investors. Fundamental analysis at economic level emphasises on different economic indicators that helps in assessing the information about the economy and its present and future conditions. The economic indicators include retail sales, GDP, unemployment figure, interest rate and inflation rate (McIntos, 2012). At company level, income statement, companys cash flow, debt statement, balance sheet and management is examined which helps in understanding the stock market prices. At industry level, factors such as market size and growth rate are considered and it helps in understanding the supply and demand forces of industry. Top-Down Approach There are two approaches of Fundamental analysis macro approach also known as top down approach and micro approach known as bottom up approach. The top down approach is an investment strategy that analyses the economy in general, after which the industry and companies are analysed (Baresa, Bogdan and Ivanovic, 2012). The figure below depicts that the top down approach moves from top to bottom in economic analysis and starts from studying the economic scenario and ends at understanding the expectations of the company (Satyanarayana and Sidhu, 2015). Economy of Australia In the views of Greenwood and Holt (2010), economic growth is increase in the productive capacity of an economy or any country in terms of goods and services over time. In the opinion of Heath (2015), the economy of Australia has expanded at much faster pace than it was forecasted by the economists in the third quarter (Q3). It is investigated that the GDP of Australia increased by 0.9% in Q3 which exceeds the economists forecasts. Year 2015-2016 is considered as the second longest and continuous period of economic growth for Australian economy in the world. Employment scope is growing and it is estimated that more than 250,000 job opportunities has been created in past 18 months (Budget, 2015). Although, the Australian Dollar is low but it will help in supporting the domestic businesses to exploit strong world outlook by making them more competitive. It is identified that in the year 2014, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rate recorded was 0.5 in for the first quarter which decreased to 0.4. The GDP for first quarter in 2015 was forecasted to be 0.5 which showed a significant growth and increased to 1% by the end of 2015 (Trading Economics, 2016). The data collected from Knoema (2016) shows that International Monetary Fund estimated that GDP of Australia will increase to 2.6% in 2015, 2.5 in 2015 and with stable position in 2016. The Inflation rate in 2014 was as forecasted by OECD 2.49% which is expected to decrease to 1.57% in 2016. It is also expected that inflation rate in Australia will increase to 2.11% in the year 2016 (Koema1, 2016). The unemployment rate forecasted by International Monetary Fund in 2014 was 6.1% which is expected to remain same in 2015 but will decrease to 5.9% in 2016 (Koema2, 2016). The interest rate in the year 2015 was cut down from 2.25% to 2% which is considered the lowest in the history of Australia ( Elsworth and Sun, 2015). Moreover, the value of Australian Dollar declined in 2015 due to free fall of commodity prices and risk of Chinese hard-landing remains. The data collected shows that the exchange rate of Australian Dollar to US Dollar is at 0.7776 and to New Zealand Dollar is 1.0354 (Peters, 2015). In the similar manner, euro to Australian Dollar exchange rate is 1.4675 whereas, exchange rate of pound to Australian Dollar is 1.9775 (Peters, 2015). Major Industry to Invest in Australia: Mining and Energy Industry The mining industry is considered as one of the major and oldest industries that has played a significant part in the development of Australia. Australia according to IBIS World (2016) has a large supply of hydrocarbon; non-mineral and mineral reserves which are extracted processed and sold by mining industries. The mining industry products include extraction of oil and gas, iron ore, minerals, metals and non-metals. It is identified that these mineral and non-mineral reserves are very close to the surface of the earth and are often high quality that enables the mining divisions of Australia to be price competitive in international grounds. The mining division of Australia is export oriented and the export is projected to account for approximately two-third of total revenue in 2015 and 2016. In the economy of Australia, mining has been the constant driver that has boosted the economy of the country (Lovells, 2015). Mining industry in Australia were expected to contribute approximately 3.6% to the GDP growth but due to the global fall in the commodity prices and declining prices of iron ore, the government and industries are revision their approach to business (Yeomans, 2016). However, the mining industry in Australia is transforming and seeing a down fall at present, but the industry is still considered as the massive contributor in the economic growth. As per Jericho (2015), there is massive investment collapse but the mining exports in Australia are still able to make up the highest contribution to the GDP growth. In addition to this, the Mineral Council of Australia (2015) explored that there is strong growth in the activities of mining industry in Australia over the first quarter by approximately 5.2%. In the year 2015, the gross valued added by the mining industry i n Australia was recorded to be 4.1% which was led by the growth of iron ore mining by 8.2%. Furthermore, it is also identified that total out from mining industry in Australia increased by 7.6% between 2014 and 2015 and mining industry was the largest contributor in the growth of GDP (Mineral Council of Australia, 2015). Major Mining Companies in Australia According to Reid (2016), the mining industry will see a significant improvement in 2016; therefore, investment in large mining companies of Australia will be beneficial. The two major mining companies of Australia includes BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto that covers major portion of energy and mining sector in Australia. BHP Billiton is a multinational company in Australia that is considered as one of the largest mining companies across the world. The company was founded in the year 2001 after the merger of two companies namely Anglo Dutch Billiton and Australian Hill Proprietary Company with its headquarter in Melbourne (BHP Billiton, 2016). It is explored that in 2015, the total market capitalisation of the company was recorded as US$108 billion and it also obtained revenue of US$44.6 million from continuing operations (BHP Billiton, 2015). BHP Billiton deals in diverse range of business including energy, minerals, and petroleum. The Total dividend per share of BHP Billiton increased t o 124 US cents by 2% and reached to a total of US$ 6.6 billion. The operating cash flow US$ 19.3 billion and the total investment of the company on community is US$ 225 million (BHP Billiton, 2015). On the contrary, Rio Tinto is another leading mining company that has international operations and focuses on searching, mining and processing the mining resources in the earths crust. The company operates in more than 40 countries and has a strong workforce of 55,000 employees (Rio Tinto, 2016). Rio Tinto is headquartered in London (UK) and comprises of Rio Tinto Limited which is listed on Australian Securities Exchange and Rio Tinto plc listed on London and New York Stock Exchange (Rio Tinto, 2016). In the year 2015, the underlying earnings of Rio Tinto were US$4.5 billion and the net cash generated from operating activities was recorded as US$ 9.4 billion (Rio Tinto, 2015). The total sales revenue achieved by the company was US$ 34.8 billion and the capital expenditure was US$ 4.7 billion (Rio Tinto, 2015). Bottom up Approach In this section, financial performance of Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton has been evaluated in context of year 2014 and 2015 in order to throw light on the health of companies in mining and energy sector. This micro analysis of above companies helps to understand more about the mining and energy sector in Australia and also acts as a guide to the investors. Analysis of financial performance of BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto in year 2014 and 2015 Liquidity Performance: Liquidity performance tells short term solvency position of the company as it shows how much working capital company carry to pay their liabilities arising during course of action (Moynihan and Titley, 2001). Current ratio: This ratio tells about the term liquidity position of the company in the year and it is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities. While estimating the current assets all the assets that can be converted into cash and cash equivalents in one year span are taken for the calculation purpose. Same is the case with current liabilities and all liabilities that are due in the year are taken as current liabilities. Current ratio of BHP Billiton was 1.09 in year 2014 and it got reduced to 0.91 in year 2015 (Annual Report, 2015: BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto). This means that in year 2014 BHP Billiton has 1.09 times cash assets to pay off their liabilities while in year 2015 company has only 0.91 times the assets against the current liabilities. It reflects poor liquidity position of the company in year 2015. In case of Rio Tinto Company, management was able to mange enough current assets to pay off their obligations of current liabilities. Current ratio of Rio T into in year 2014 was 1.73 and in year 2015 it was 1.55. It reflects better liquidity of position of the company of Rio Tinto in comparison to BHP Billiton. It can be said that in year 2015, current ratio of both the companies has shifted downwards shoeing lack of cash and equivalents with the companies. Quick Assets: This ratio is more certain and shows clear picture of liquidity performance of the company. This ratio does take inventory and prepaid expenses while making the calculation for quick assets. The main reason for not including the inventory and prepaid expenses in the quick assets is because it is not easy to convert inventory and prepaid expenses to cash and cash equivalents in one year span of time. The quick ratio of BHP Billiton was 0.80 times in year 2014 and it got further reduced to 0.68 in year 2015. It clearly reflects that BHP Billiton fails to maintain enough quick assets to pay their obligation (Annual Report, 2015: BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto). On the other hand Rio Tinto has quick ratio of 1.35 times in year 2014 and 1.21 times in year 2015. It reflects better liquidity position of Rio Tinto as compare to BHP Billiton. Capital Ratios: This ratio shows the structure of capital in the organisation. It shows the position of debt and equity in the firm (Moynihan and Titley, 2001). Equity Ratio: This ratio is Equity divided by total assets. This ratio tells proportion of equity in the total assets of the organisation (Moynihan and Titley, 2001)... The equity ratio of BHP Billiton was 0.52 in year 2014 and it remains the same in year 2015. It shows that BHP has financed more than 50 % of total assets through issuing the equity shares. In case of Rio Tinto the equity ratio was 0.43 in year 2014 and it got slightly reduce to 0.41 in year 2015 (Annual Report, 2015: BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto). It means more than 40% of a total asset was financed through owners capital while rest is financed through debt capital. It reflects poor formation of capital in case of Rio Tinto. Debt Equity Ratio: It shows proportion of debt and equity in the firm. The debt equity ratio of BHP Billiton was 0.50 in year 2014 and it increased to 0.56 in year 2015. It shows BHP Billiton uses 50% of equity as debt capital, reflecting the balanced capital formation. In case of Rio Tinto debt equity ratio was 0.80/1 in year 2014 and it was further increased to 0.91/1 in year 2015. It clearly shows capital position in Rio Tinto was more of leveraged capital (Annual Report, 2015: BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto). Profitability ratio: Ratios calculated in this segment shows the profitability performance of the company in the particular time period (Moynihan and Titley, 2001)... Net profit ratio: This ratio is net profit divided by the net sales. It provides the information about the profit that firm has earned on the net sales. Better the ratio will the better will be profitability of the company. In case of BHP Billiton the net profit ratio was 20.58 % in year 2014 and it got highly reduced in year 2015. It means BHP Billiton performance was not as per standards defined for year 2015 because there was decrease in net profit and increase in expenses in year 2015. The profitability position of Rio Tinto was similar to BHP Billiton as there was negative net profit ratio of Rio Tinto in year 2015. It can be said that year 2015 was not good for mining and energy industry due to decrease in export prices internationally (Annual Report, 2015: BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto). Conclusion and Recommendations The overall analysis depicts that the economy of Australia is growing more than expectations which provides a good scope for investors in different sectors. In addition to this, it is found that the GDP is expected to rise in 2016 along with inflation rate which shows growth in economic condition of Australia. Moreover, the mining and energy sector has a good scope for investors to invest as it is the major contributor in the economy of Australia. Two major companies that are not only the leading mining and energy companies in Australia but also across the globe are analysed. The two companies include BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto that has contributed in the economy of Australia to a large extent. Other than this, it is identified that the mining industry in Australia is seeing a down fall at present; however, it is expected to emerge in future again. Thus, mining companies needs to implement some changes in its operations to stay competitive. The companies mining companies are considered to pollute the air to a large extent which needs to be reduced. For this purpose, companies should take necessary actions that help in saving the environment and keep it clean (Brew, Junwu and Addae-Boateng, 2015). This can be done by using advanced technology that helps in making zero emission tools which further helps in reducing the emission of pollutants. In addition to this, the companies need to evaluate its operations in advance so that any emergencies and mishaps can be eliminated on time. Moreover, it is evident that mining companies are exploiting its labour which should be avoided so as to be a socially responsible company. By being a socially responsible company, the major environ mental and society related issues can be minimised which will not only help the organisation but will be beneficial for environment as well as society (Chang, Chen, Hsu and Hu, 2015). It is highly to the companies in mining and energy sector in Australia especially BHP Billiton and Rio Tinto to reduce the cost to goods sold and other operating expense through adopting cost reduction strategies at all the level of production, supply and administrative level (Nevitt and Fabozzi, 2000). It is also suggested to both the companies to expand the production so that overall expenses can be settled with an increase of net sales. References Annual Report 2015. BHP Billiton. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/investors/reports [Accessed on: 20 September, 2016]. Annual Report 2015. Rio Tinto. [Online]. Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/RT_Annual_Report_2015.pdf [Accessed on: 20 September, 2016]. Baresa, S., Bogdan, S. and Ivanovic, Z. 2012. STRATEGY OF STOCK VALUATION BY FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS. UTMS Journal of Economics 4 (1), pp. 4551. BHP Billiton. 2015. Resourcing global growth Annual Report 2015. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonannualreport2015.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. BHP Billiton. 2016. Our History. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/aboutus/ourcompany/ourhistory [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Brew, Y., Junwu, C., and Addae-Boateng, S. 2015. Corporate Social Responsibility Activities of Mining Companies: The Views of the Local Communities in Ghana. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 5, pp. 457-465. Budget. 2015. Economic Outlook. Australian Government. Chang, D.S., Chen, S.H., Hsu, C.W. and Hu, A.H. 2015. Identifying Strategic Factors of the Implantation CSR in the Airline Industry: The Case of Asia-Pacific Airlines. Sustainability 7, pp. 7763-7781. Elsworth, S. and Sun, H. 2015. Experts: Australia set for unprecedented interest rate cuts in 2015. News Limited. Greenwood, D.T. and Holt, P.F. 2010. Local Economic Development in the 21st Century. M.E. Sharpe. Heath, M. 2015. Australia's Economic Growth Accelerates as Exports Rebound. Bloomberg. IBIS World. 2016. Mining in Australia: Market Research Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ibisworld.com.au/industry/default.aspx?indid=55 [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Jericho, G. 2016. Three reasons Australia's economy is so resilient shopping, housing and, yes, mining. The Guardian. Kinsky, R. 2012. Online Investing on the Australian Sharemarket. John Wiley Sons. Koema. 2016. Australia GDP Growth Forecast 2015-2020 and up to 2060, Data and Charts. [Online]. Available at: https://knoema.com/mzpmmfd/australia-gdp-growth-forecast-2015-2020-and-up-to-2060-data-and-charts [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Koema1. 2016. Australia Inflation Forecast 2015-2020 and up to 2060, Data and Charts. [Online]. Available at: https://knoema.com/xhpkvhd/australia-inflation-forecast-2015-2020-and-up-to-2060-data-and-charts [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Koema2. 2016. Australia Unemployment Forecast 2015-2020 and up to 2060, Data and Charts. [Online]. Available at: https://knoema.com/ddoghid/australia-unemployment-forecast-2015-2020-and-up-to-2060-data-and-charts [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Lovells, H. 2015. Mining sector trends in Australia. Globe Business Media Group. McIntos, T.J. 2012. The Sector Strategist: Using New Asset Allocation Techniques to Reduce Risk and Improve Investment Returns. John Wiley Sons. Mineral Council of Australia. 2015. Mining exports continue to support Australias growth. [Online]. Available at: https://www.mining.com/web/mining-exports-continue-to-support-australias-growth/ [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Moynihan, D. and Titley, B. 2001. Advanced Business. New York: Oxford University Press. Nevitt, P. K. and Fabozzi, F. J. 2000. Project Financing. London: Euromoney Books. Peters, W. 2015. Australian Dollar Forecasts for 2015 Warn of AUD Weakness. Pound Sterling Live. Rio Tinto, 2016. About Rio Tinto. [Online]. Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/aboutus/about-rio-tinto-5004.aspx [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Rio Tinto. 2015. 2015 Annual Report. [Online]. Available at: https://www.riotinto.com/documents/RT_Annual_Report_2015.pdf [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Satyanarayana, I. and Sidhu, N.B.C. 2015. Equity Analysis of Banking Stocks. International Journal of Advance Research in Computer Science and Management Studies 3(2), pp. 344-348. Singh, M. 2011. Security Analysis with Investement [i.e. Investment] and Protfolio [i.e. Portfolio] Management. Gyan Publishing House. Thomas, R. and Gup, B.E. 2010. The Valuation Handbook: Valuation Techniques from Today's Top Practitioners. John Wiley Sons. Trading Economics. 2016. Australia GDP Growth Rate 1959-2016. [Online]. Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/australia/gdp-growth [Accessed on: 19 September 2016]. Yeomans, J. 2016. Australia's mining boom turns to dust as commodity prices collapse. The Telegraph.