3 Easy Ways to Set Ice on Fire

Have you ever wondered whether you could set ice on fire? These are instructions for how to make ice appear to burn and also instructions so that you can actually set it on fire. Making Ice Appear to Be on Fire Most of the photos you might see of burning ice were probably made using Photoshop, but you can get the appearance of burning ice very easily without resorting to image processing tricks. Get some glass cubes (craft stores carry them), set them on a surface that can withstand fire (metal pan, Pyrex, stoneware), pour something flammable over the ice, and set it alight. You can use 151 rum (ethanol), rubbing alcohol (try for 90% isopropyl alcohol, not the 70% alcohol stuff), or methanol (Heetâ„ ¢ fuel treatment from the automotive section of a store). These easy-to-obtain fuels burn cleanly, so they wont set off your smoke alarm (I know... I tried). If you want colored flames, you can add any of the usual flame colorants to the ethanol or rubbing alcohol. If you use methanol, try adding a little boric acid for a brilliant green flame. Use caution with methanol, since it burns very hot. One little display tip: You can give glass cubes the imperfect, crackled appearance of water ice b y setting one on fire and then tossing it (with tongs) into water after the fire goes out. The glass may shatter, but if you have the temperature just right youll just create internal fractures that look very pretty in photographs. Flaming Ice I basically told you how to set ice on fire when I explained how to make a flaming B-52 drink. High-proof ethanol (like 151 rum) or 90% isopropyl alcohol will float on the surface of water and mix with it so that as long as there is fuel, your ice will appear to burn. As the ice melts, it will extinguish the flame (methanol is highly toxic too). You can use ethanol on ice used for human consumption (or flaming ice cream drinks). Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl) and methanol are toxic and should only be used for decorative purposes. Really Burning the Ice You may be thinking it is impossible to burn ice. Strictly speaking, that is not true. You can burn ice, just not water ice. If you make ice cubes from any of the alcohols I have listed, you can burn them. For pure alcohol ice cubes, youll need a way to freeze the liquid down to about -100Â °C, give or take a few degrees depending on the specific alcohol. You dont need to get quite that cold for 75% alcohol/25% water ice, which will burn if you spritz it with a little liquid alcohol to get flammable vapor over the ice. You may be able to freeze the 75% solution over dry ice. Flaming Ice Safety Just remember two things: (1) If you want to ingest the flaming ice, only use food-grade ethanol, not some other fuel. (2) Methanol burns very, very hot! You can get away with using almost any surface if you use ethanol or isopropanol. You can even touch the flame briefly. However, the risk of getting burned or of your fire getting out of control are much higher using methanol because it produces so much heat. Is It Possible to Burn Water? The reason water is used to extinguish flames is because it has such a high heat capacity. Technically, you cant burn water because combustion is an oxidation process. In a sense, water is the product of the combustion of hydrogen. However, if you pass a sufficiently strong electrical current through water, it decomposes into its elements. The hydrogen gas is flammable, while the oxygen gas supports its combustion. If you have a flame or ignition source at the point of electrolysis, water will appear to burn. So, it follows you could make real water ice appear to burn. For this to occur, the ice would need to be floating in some liquid water. Electrolysis of the water to produce hydrogen and oxygen would yield flammable gas above the ice. Igniting the gas would make the ice appear to burn. Note this is a theoretical method of burning ice, not one youd want to try in a school science lab! Its much safer to burn hydrogen from electrolysis in bubbles or balloons than in the open. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Essay on Supporting Gay Marriage - 991 Words

To assure justice in human societies, there must be a system of equality set in place. The implementation of ethical theories allow for governing bodies, nations and democratic societies to create a justice system that reflects the needs of a societies citizens. Human rights are a relatively new idea that has not yet spread to many parts of the world. In the United States, there is a clear distinction between those who are in support for issues regarding social justice issues and those who are not. This distinction has torn apart issues like gay marriage, one of the most debated topics of our lifetime. Those against gay marriage being legalized have many reasons and opinions that give them their own personal world view and ideal†¦show more content†¦Why does one person believe in equality while the other denies it to a certain person? Religion stands out as being one of the major contributing factors to the rejection of gay marriage, or homosexuality in general. Most popular religions (Christianity, Judaism, Islam) have religious text or proclamation that has been either misinterpreted or used incorrectly to justify the indecency and perversion of homosexuality. Religious views and homosexuality can also be related to cultural bias. I imagine that if I had been born into a different home, I might have a different view of the homosexuality debate. Having a religious background can develop your ideas on the issue, but where you are from holds more importance to the development of ideas. Currently our world is being bombarded with new information due to the increase in technology development. If your beliefs lie in science, it is well known by now that sexual orientation is biological rather that the once and still believed notion that it is a choice. As human beings, we need to understand this distinction to intelligently argue this topic. With that said, we need to begin to understand arguments those who are opposed to gay marriage use to b ackup their beliefs. A major argument used against gay marriage that I hear often is that â€Å"it’s against nature†. In my environmental studies class, we recently read anShow MoreRelatedSupporting Gay Marriage : Supporting Lesbian Marriage2230 Words   |  9 Pages Supporting Gay Marriage Supporting Gay Marriage Lindsey and Beth, a lesbian couple, have been living together for eleven years. Lindsey conceived two children from a sperm donor. Together, Lindsey and Beth turned their house into a loving home for their two children. One day, on the way home from the grocery store, Lindsey was killed in a tragic car accident. Before Beth could even grasp the situation, the children that she helped raise from birth had been taken away and placed into the care ofRead MoreSupporting Gay Marriage : Lesbian Marriage2225 Words   |  9 PagesSupporting Gay Marriage Lindsy and Beth, lesbian couple, have been living together for eleven years. Lindsy conceived two children from a sperm donor. Together, Lindsy and Beth turned their house into a loving home for their two children. One day, on the way home from the grocery store, Lindsy was killed in a tragic car accident. Before Beth could even grasp the situation, the children that she helped raise from birth had been taken away and placed into the care of Lindsy s parents, who never wereRead More Argument Supporting Gay Marriage Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pagesright for same-sex couples to marry. Marriage is defined as a sacred bond of love between two people. Gay people also feel love therefore, they should be allowed the same rights as everyone else in this country. Homosexuality is an accepted lifestyle nowadays with a proven biological causation. The only thing that should matter in marriage is love and denying them this is a violation of religious freedom. According to studies done by Simon LeVey, being gay is a biological cause, not a choiceRead MoreEssay about Argument Supporting Gay Marriage2223 Words   |  9 Pagessupport of gay marriage, and no on bans of gay marriage. The opening scenario of Lindsey and Beth is a dilemma that is becoming more of a real situation each day. The fact is that people are forming unions regardless of the law. In all fairness, the people involved in these relationships should have the same legal rights as all other Americans that are involved in long-term relationships and decide to get married. Just like heterosexual couples who follow the traditional pattern of marriage and thenRead MoreMedia Analysis of a Current Controversial Issue875 Words   |  4 Pagesmedia. Some nations like the US have legalized homosexuality and this is why there has been uproar after the president of Uganda signed a bill in parliament outlawing homosexuality. The media has always been blamed of being bias while reporting on gay marriages and homosexuality. The homosexuality group is a minority group that is always viewed very different by the society. Many forms of media are used to address these topic namely; the social media, television, n ewspapers, and magazines. The socialRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesShould gay marriage be legal? Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to the sex of its object or the person who experiences it. The first reason why same sex marriageRead MoreEssay Gay Marriage Should Be Legal889 Words   |  4 PagesOn June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Should gay marriages really be allowed? Has the Supreme Court ruled in error? Gay marriage should be legal because all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because loveRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal966 Words   |  4 PagesGay marriage is one of the most debated and controversial issues in today’s society. Everyone has his or her opinions on gay marriage, whether it is acceptable or should not be allowed. According to The Washington post, â€Å"59 percent say they support same-sex marriage while 34 percent are opposed†(Craighil, P., Clement). While 59% of the supporting gay is a high number, however that number is skewed. There is a difference between tolerance and acceptance, but the 59% is the total of the both. PeopleRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Our Society1301 Words   |  6 Pagesto see controversial issues raised a nd debated. In our modern day 21st century, much advancement has been made around the world relating to a number of controversial topics. One such issue that has been advanced around the world is the topic of Gay Marriage and whether or not it should be legalised. The situation I provided at the start provides a real world scenario for most homosexual people within Australia. In analysing this issue it is important to study the lobby and political groups on eitherRead MoreArguments Against Same Sex Marriage704 Words   |  3 PagesSame-sex marriage is a huge controversial issue still being debated in the world today. Many people believe that same-sex marriage is not justifiable but then many others believe that there is no problem with this circumstance. I believe that homosexuals and lesbians should be permitted to marry if they choose to. After researching this issue for two-weeks, I came across four different people, two against and two for the issue on same-sex marriage. They a ll have strong opinions and arguments on this

Romeo Juliet Theme Essay Free Essays

Romeo and Juliet is a classic play by William Shakespeare about a pair of star-crossed lovers whose passion eventually drives them to their unfortunate deaths. Since the theme in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is Love as a Cause of Violence, it is easy to see why Shakespeare uses that thematic focus to show how Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another affected the outcome of their relationship. Most of the time, being in love makes people very over dramatic. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo Juliet Theme Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now When they lose someone they love, certain people tend to think that their lives are over and they can’t go on. This happens a lot in Romeo and Juliet. For example, when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he overreacts completely and goes to complain to the Friar. He says that being banished is just saying death by another name. He whines and utters that he would rather die than be away from his dear Juliet. Also, after Romeo is rejected by his first love Rosaline, he thinks that there is no one else in the world that can ever compare to her, even though he falls in love with Juliet shortly after. Another example of this over dramatic behavior was when Juliet heard news of Romeo’s banishment. She considered Romeo’s banishment even worse than her own cousin’s death! Over dramatic behavior is just one of the things that makes love turn into violence. This play also demonstrates the effect love can have on decision making. Love can be very blinding especially in Romeo and Juliet’s case. They both made many rash and dangerous choices because their love clouded their ability to think wisely. An example of one of these rash, terrible decisions was when Romeo bought the poison from a pharmacist/apothecary. He should have considered all of his options before immediately jumping to the conclusion that he had to kill himself. This theme also came up when Juliet stated, â€Å"I long to die if what thou speak’st speak not of remedy. † (Shakespeare, Act IIII Scene I) She said this to Friar Lawrence complaining that if he can’t find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will kill herself. This is significant because it shows how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even though she didn’t follow through with what she said she would do. Lastly, Juliet stabbing herself with Romeo’s dagger at the end of the play showed how being without Romeo was unthinkable for her. Finally, the reoccurring theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is mainly in this play because without it, the audience underestimates the true power of Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another. The theme is what caused the dramatic, tragic ending to the play Romeo and Juliet. The double suicide was what ended the conflict between the two feuding families and showed how love is the source of all or most of the violence that occurs in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet. Romeo and Juliet aren’t the only ones who died because of love either. Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son whom she loved exceedingly, and Tybalt died because Romeo killed him out of rage from losing his beloved best friend Mercutio. As you can see, the main theme of Love as a Cause of Violence is prevalent throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The power that love contains works in many different ways. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes overly dramatic behavior, lack of quality judgment, and most of all, particularly violent actions and thoughts by the main and minor characters. How to cite Romeo Juliet Theme Essay, Essays

Response Plan to Rio de Jeneiro Earthquake †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disscuss about the Response Plan to Rio de Jeneiro Earthquake. Answer: Introduction: The following report is going to develop a conceptual framework on disaster and surveillance planning. The paper looks into the process of response planning at post disaster period in Rio de Janeiro. Before planning for the response, a cognitive idea pertaining to geographical location in Rio de Janeiro is going to be illustrated. In most important cases, the geographical location and its position plays an important role to drive the process. This is going to be effective in terms of creating effective response plan for the tourists and the local people who have come for the game. An international process is also going to be focused upon. Background of the Problem: Recent earthquake in the capital city of Brazil and the sports abode for every spectator in terms of soccer has reached to the significant level of 7.9 magnitude, which is importantly devastating in a city that is situated closer to the seaside. The worst affected places are the basic understanding of the issues in terms of creating the effective understanding where this has been taken into certain consideration of the cases. In this aspect, it has been identified that the lost buildings and slums of a greater number of Brazilian people has been highly impactful for the cases. This has been taken into high quality for the specific understanding of the process. The worst affect starting from the business apartments to the residential areas, there has been a thorough fall of buildings and cracking of roads. Hence, it is necessary to incorporate the changes into the existing safety measures to mitigate the risks underlying within. The conciliation of thechange management has to be encap sulated through effective leadership and entrepreneurial characteristic traits. The following diagram succinctly demonstrates the specific understanding of the entire process pertaining to the small business enterprise relinquishment from the government perspective. 78% of the citys population lives in the slum that is considered one of the largest slums in the world. Earthquake in the capital of Brazil has resulted in severe damage to the entire city and the people. Hence, it is necessary to develop appropriate response plan in order to mitigate the underlying risks. The following diagram succinctly demonstrates the specific understanding of the entire process pertaining to the small business enterprise relinquishment from the government perspective. The quantum of the earthquake has been quite impactful upon the core livelihood of the city. However, while talking about the research based study on small business, Storey (2016) has succinctly talked about the problems detected by th e owners pertaining to the less interest and involvement shown by the government in the recent years. It has been made clear that the business concept has been taken into certain consideration for its definite understanding of the process with its different mindset. There are some important features of small business that distinguishes it from the large ones. It is highly distinctive in terms of revenue and profitability, employees, market area, ownership and taxes and locations. However, this has been taken into certain account pertaining to the effective understanding of the process with its different mindset because it varies at business conditions. This has been stringently effective in the consideration of how the earthquake affected people would be evacuated and brought back to normal lifestyle. Despite active and industrious endeavor from BMC that pressed more than 75 pumps in different parts of the city, there has been a specific case for the particular understanding of the issues. In this context, this has been taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective understanding of the processes. The rain for consecutive three days has rattled the lifestyle and daily occupation of millions of tourists and people in Rio de Janeiro. Hence, several strategies have been taken into account to tackle urban earthquake. The government improved the way it buys goods and services to help more small businesses bid for public sector contracts. As most of the small businesses belong to the service sector, the services are highly sought by the government organizations where the majority companies are brought in to consideration through biding and outsourcing process. As an urban head, the city would get ample opportunity to work under government projects where the promotional and advertising activities are skilfully performed. As a matter of fact, this has to be taken into certain account that the specific understanding has to be highly generative with its entire case. The government improved the way it buys goods and services to help more small businesses bid for public sector contracts. As most of the small businesses belong to the service sector, the services are highly sought by the government organizations where the majority companies are brought in to consideration through biding and outsourcing process. As an urban head, the city would get many opportunities to work under government projects where the promotional and advertising activities are skilfully performed. In fact, this has to be taken into certain account that the specific understanding has to be highly generative with its entire case. The aforementioned diagram succinctly demonstrates a concise structure of the organization. It is indeed headed by the specific organizational head. The structure has been set based on geographical concept thus focusing on the hierarchical overview. The gamut of the business strategy is highly dependent of how an organization looks forward to undertake the propelled strategies directed in the market. According to the hierarchical structural process the organization has multiple tiers and the higher tier has the opportunity to guide and lead the lower ones and this would be followed through gradual promotional process. In order to bring the change into effectiveness, new ideas are to be induced at the lower level so that those ideas can be directed in a gradual process. For the organizational change management model Kotters change model has to be taken into account. However, to implement the change in the company, there is a need to develop certain business skills that have already be en mentioned. Complexities: Following complexities have been identified in due course of heavy earthquake incident in the city: Subways closed due to high tide level Railway lines were drowned Since the existing technology has failed to exact forecast to the people of the city. There are certain limitations with IMD (Indian Meteorological Department) It has resulted in the rise in sea level by 3 mm. Following pictures clearly demonstrates the plight of the urban residents of Rio de Jeneiro during the rain: Existing Government Recovery Plan: Following is the recovery plan undertaken by the government of Rio de Janeiro in association with the meteorological department: Due to earthquake the entire capital of Brazil has been severely affected thereby, strengthening resilience along with building back is necessary. Involving the local community for continuing the search engine or recovery program. Providing food and water in the affected area. Making medical facilities available in the affected area. Expected Recovery Plan: Operating control Room that would work as the MCC (Main Centre of Communication) Operation of search engine- at least 50 volunteers within 5 km radius of the affected area. Deployment of civil defense in highly required who would be working as volunteers and this number needs to be exceeding 500 personnel There should be deployment of civil defense personnel in different wards and NGOs Buses and other transporting vehicles need to be kept ready for easy transportation of goods and people. Residential and commercial structures specifically those are under construction need to be removed from the worst affected site. It is more important to rehabilitate the structures to a better place than to remove from the plighted place There is a need to construct additional bridge that would ensure easy transportation and roadway communication to mitigate further problem cause due to rain. These are the strategies to tackle earthquake in urban area. However, Rio de Janeiro, The population of the city is segmented into different economic groups- the core city dwellers of South Rio de Janeiro, the uprising residents of Northern Rio de Janeiro the planned township in the city. ActiveTraffic management is highly needed and sought after Providing government relief funds to the affected area. State government and national hospitals need to be prompt in their action to provide effective aid and services to the earthquake victims The Slum Improvement Board of Rio de Jeneiro must take a stringent action to provide solution to the slum dwellers Regular follow-up is again an important task that would e strengthened through effective communication process. Most importantly widening of drains and construction of pumping station is a major task to be done in time There is a dire need for the rehabilitation of the slums so as to mitigate and avoid high risk caused due to post- earthquake outbreak of diseases. However, the aforementioned processes are highly conventional and traditional in nature. It needs to be taken into consideration that the process has to be highly effective in terms of creating effective nature for the entire understanding of the people. In this case there is a need to find out the process associated with its different understanding of how the response would be directed. Conclusion: It can thus be stated that the basic factor for the analysis of the entire case has been made possible due to its effective consideration. For instance, implementation of proper ICT (Information and Communication Technology) has to be ensured. In this process, there is a clear understanding of the process with its actual case. The earthquake has rattled the lifestyle and daily occupation of millions of tourists and residents in Rio de Janeiro. Hence, several strategies have been taken into account to tackle urban earthquake. The government improved the way it buys goods and services to help more small businesses bid for public sector contracts. As most of the small businesses belong to the service sector, the services are highly sought by the government organizations where the majority companies are brought in to consideration through biding and outsourcing process. As an urban head, the city would get many opportunities to work under government projects where the promotional and advertising activities are skilfully performed. In fact, this has to be taken into certain account that the specific understanding has to be generative with its entire case. However, this has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the effective planning procedure. That would finally focus on the specific understanding of the process. In fact, proper planning procedure would definitely help in understanding future process to mitigate risk. References: Achir, Y. S. H., Hamid, A. Y. S. (2015). Learning Exchange on Disaster Risk Management at the 4th Academic WSDN Conference, September 2016. 17(2), 1-1. Jain, R. K., Aras, R. Y. (2007). Depression in geriatric population in urban slums of Rio de Jeneiro.Indian JPublic Health,51(2). Klien, E., Lutz, M., Kuhn, W. (2006). Ontology-based discovery of geographic information servicesAn application in disaster management.Computers, environment and urban systems,30(1), 102-123. Lundkvist, A. (2016). Development of a Web GI System for Disaster Management.Thesis in geographical information technics. Masser, I. (2005).GIS worlds: creating spatial data infrastructures(Vol. 338). Redlands, CA: ESRI press. Ranger, N., Hallegatte, S., Bhattacharya, S., Bachu, M., Priya, S., Dhore, K., ... Herweijer, C. (2011). An assessment of the potential impact of climate change on earthquake risk in Rio de Jeneiro.Climatic change,104(1), 139-167. Van Oosterom, P., Zlatanova, S., Fendel, E. (Eds.). (2006).Geo-information for disaster management. Springer Science Business Media. Wattegama, C. (2014). ICT for disaster management.

Night of the Living Dead free essay sample

American  independent  black-and-white  horror film  and  cult film  directed by  George A. Romero   Night of the Living Dead  was heavily criticized during its release because of its explicit content, but received critical acclaim and was selected by the  Library of Congress  for preservation in the  National Film Registry  as a film deemed culturally, historically or aesthetically significant. reviewers cited the film as groundbreaking. Pauline Kael  called the film one of the most gruesomely terrifying movies ever made — and when you leave the theatre you may wish you could forget the whole horrible experience. .  . . The films grainy, banal seriousness works for it — gives it a crude realism. [62]  A  Film Daily  critic commented, This is a pearl of a horror picture which exhibits all the earmarks of a  sleeper. Since the release, critics and film historians have seen  Night of the Living Dead  as a subversive film that critiques 1960s American society, international  Cold War  politics and domestic  racism. We will write a custom essay sample on Night of the Living Dead or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Elliot Stein of  The Village Voice  saw the film as an ardent critique of American involvement in  Vietnam, arguing that it was not set in  Transylvania, but Pennsylvania — this was  Middle America  at war, and the zombie carnage seemed a grotesque echo of the conflict then raging inVietnam Pauline Kael,  5001 Nights at the Movies  (Henry Holt and Company, 1991 Elliot Stein, The Dead Zones: George A. Romero at the American Museum of the Moving Image,  The Village Voice(New York), January 8–14, 2003 http://www. filmsite. org/posters/psyc2. jpghttp://www. filmsite. rg/reddot. gif  Alfred Hitchcocks powerful, complex psychological thriller,  Psycho  (1960) is the mother of all modern horror suspense films it single-handedly ushered in an era of inferior screen slashers with blood-letting and graphic, shocking killings The master of suspense skillfully manipulates and guides the audience into identifying with the main character, luckless victim Mari on (a Phoenix real-estate secretary), and then with that characters murderer a crazy and timid taxidermist named Norman (a brilliant typecasting performance by Anthony Perkins). Hitchcocks techniques voyeuristically implicate the audience with the universal, dark evil forces and secrets present in the film. Psycho  also broke all film conventions by displaying its leading female protagonist having a lunchtime affair in her sexy white undergarments in the first scene; also by photographing a toilet bowl and flush in a bathroom (a first in an American film), and killing off its major star Janet Leigh a third of the way into the film . Film reviews, for instance, will sometimes take up political or sociological concerns in the course of issuing formal-aesthetic judgments. Night of the Living Deaddramatizes the bewildering and uncanny transformation of human beings into non-human forms. Indeed, like all metamorphosis narratives, the film carries uncomfortable messages about identity — about what it means to be a human being and about the terror of alienation. The films power to unsettle its audience also derives from its focus on the taboo subject of cannibalism (which it depicts far more graphically than previous zombie films). In the eighteenth century, the English ironist Jonathan Swift (1996) wroteA Modest Proposal,a darkly satirical attack on the privations suffered by the Irish people at the hands of the English in which the author ironically proposed that infants be killed and eaten in order to solve the problem of poverty in Ireland. Night of the Living Deadalso uses cannibalism as a metaphor for exploitative power relations. Thus, while it deals with a quite different set of social problems, Romeros film can also be seen a sinister satire that exploits an outrageous premise in the interests of social and political critique. In his book  Understanding Popular Culture,  John Fiske writes: It is not violence per se that characterises popular culture, but only that violence whose structure makes it into a metaphor for the distribution of power in society. Fiske, 1989: 137) According to Fiske, then, violence is a metaphor for inequitable (and presumably unjust) power relations in society. It is important, however, to understand this point in historical context. Violence became more commonly depicted in films and on television in the late 1960s, during a socially turbulent period when social hierarchies were being challenged   Night of the Living Dead  draws on Alfred Hitchcocks  Psycho  (1960), especially in its film craft: the use of shadow and camera angles. Night of the Living Dead  (and, indeed, its worthy equels) reminds us of something that the recent outbreak of zombie films may have caused us to forget: the oppositional potential of popular culture. In this sense, the film is an undead classic that can still tell us something about who we are — and warn us about what we might turn into. Waller, Gregory A. (1986),  The Living and the Undead  (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press) Swift, Jonathan (1996),  A Modest Proposal and other Satirical Works  (New York: Dover) like most genre movies, reflect the values and ideology of the culture that produced them. Don Siegels  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  (1956), for example, about an invasion of alien seed-pods that replace people with emotional replicas, is typically discussed in relation to American contemporary culture in the 1950s. Unlike earlier horror films,  Invasion of the Body Snatchers  imagines infection on an apocalyptic rather than personal scale, as in the vampire myth, a clear reflection of Cold War fears of nuclear destruction. But even as Americans felt threatened by possible nuclear war and Communist infiltration, the film also expresses a fear of creeping conformism at home. Invasion  makes the commonplace seem creepy, and in the climax a mob of plain-looking townsfolk pursue Miles and Becky out of town in a horrific evocation of the kind of witch-hunting mentality witnessed in the United States just a few years before the films releaseRead more:  Critical debates Horror Films actor, children, cinema  http://www. filmreference. com/encyclopedia/Criticism-Ideology/Horror-Films-CRITICAL-DEBATES. html#ixzz1qab4D5B2

Harold Krebs and Norman Bowker Essays

Harold Krebs and Norman Bowker Essays Harold Krebs and Norman Bowker Paper Harold Krebs and Norman Bowker Paper War is a terrible thing. It destroys lives and can forever change the landscape of the mind and soul. Harold Krebs from Ernest Hemingway’s story â€Å"Soldier’s Home† and Norman Bowker from Tim O’Brian’s story â€Å"Speaking of Courage† both show that coming home from a military lifestyle and reintegrating themselves into a civilian lifestyle can be both difficult and emotionally draining to one’s self esteem and psyche. Harold Krebs wants the simple life. He’s tired of the lying and the feeling he gets from having to lie to friends and family about the war and about everyday things just to get them to back off. His mother and father both want him to become like the other men that have returned from the war, that is, to get a job, find a nice girl and settle down. But Krebs doesn’t want that. He’s been too changed by the war. His army training has seriously affected how he looks at girls. He doesn’t want to work at getting a girl having to go out and driving them around and talking to them. Hi wants a girl that doesn’t care about the war or wants him to tell them war stories. His sister, on the other hand, is the only person that thinks of him as a hero and still loves him, without provocation, without temptation, and without being cynical, even though, the war has changed him. This is shown when Krebs sister ask’s him to be her beau. His sister asks him to be her beau: â€Å" I tell them that you’re my beau. Aren’t you my beau, hare? † â€Å"You bet. † â€Å"Couldn’t your brother really be your beau just because he’s your brother? † â€Å"I don’t know. † â€Å"[†¦] Couldn’t you be my beau, hare, if I was old enough and if you wanted to? † â€Å"Sure, You’re my girl now. †(Hemingway 168) : Finally in the end, he realizes that coming home isn’t right for him in the aspect that the town has not changed except for the girls who are now all grown up. His father still drives the same car and works at the same job and lives in the same childhood home that Krebs grew up in. He misses his appointment with his father, on purpose, but in the end, trying to be simple, it isn’t enough. In realizing this he goes to watch his sister play indoor baseball. On the other had Norman Bowker, form Tim O’Brian’s story â€Å"speaking of courage†, deals with survivor’s guilt having served in Vietnam. His character is depressed with the death of his fellow solider Kiowa. Kiowa was a native-American solider, peaceful and gentle, helping the team with problems and keeping the camaraderie of the group going. Norman Bowker tried to help him as his friend sunk beneath the sewage. Norman tried to pull him out, but in the end failed to do so and watched him die. For example, Norman Bowker thinks that he was as brave as he thought he could have been , but even that much bravery was not enough to save his friend. This is the terrible price that he pays as his guilt washes up upon him like the sewage did to his friend. His seven medals mean nothing to him, but in his imaginary discussion with his father, he tries to make them mean something. Now that he ahs returned, he finds himself lost as he travels around the lake in his fathers’ truck. The road that leads around the lake is seven miles ling and can be traveled in around 25 minutes at a slow crawl. Towards the end of the twelfth revolution he stops, gets out, and wades into the lake. This could be seen as sort of baptism to wash away the feelings of the guilt. â€Å"On his twelfth revolution, the sky went crazy with color. He pulled into Sunset Park and stopped in the shadow of a picnic shelter. After a time he got out, walked down the beach, and waded into the lake without undressing. That water felt warm against his skin. Hi put his head under. He opened his lips. Very slightly, for the taste, then he stood up and folded his arms and watched the fireworks. For a small town, he decided, it was a pretty good show. † These men share a lot in common as well as have their distinct differences. The first similarity is that both men can’t or won’t talk about the war. Norman Bowker never discussed the war not because he didn’t want to but because he couldn’t. He didn’t know the right words to say anything about the war. On the other hand, Harold Krebs found out that because he came home from the war long after it and ended that nobody wanted to hear anything about the way because they had already heard about the atrocity that suffered there: though to be listened to, he later found out, he had to lie, and after lying twice about the war he too had a reaction against the war and against talking about it. Another thing that both men share is the fact that both men have a problem with reconnecting with girls. Norman Bowker lost his girl to the war, only finding out that when he returned she had gotten married and had a family of her own now, without him. Krebs ha been conditioned by the army to not need girls. Coming how from the war, all he wants is a simple life, yet the town has somewhat evolved and gotten more complicated since Krebs was last there. Men his age were getting married and finding good jobs. The men were settling down. Krebs is unable to love. This is what the army had done, they and broken him down to rebuild him into a killing machine, thus destroying the love and most of the emotions in the process. This is why he shows such coldness towards his mother. â€Å"Yes. Don’t you love your mother, dear boy? † â€Å"No. † Krebs said. His mother looked at him across the table. Her eyes were shiny. She started crying. â€Å"I don’t love anybody,† Krebs said. It’s the differences, which separate them. After a while Norman Bowker writes to the author Tim O’Brien. Over 17 disjointed letter Bowker ends up telling O’Brien about the war. Then simply eight months later quietly hangs himself with a jump rope tied to a water pipe in the men’s locker room, leaving neither a note nor letter of explanation. Krebs, on the other hand finds some resolve in his sister. He finds that he has no need for the family car or the familiarity of others. But his sister doesn’t give up on him like his parents do in a way. Krebs comes back a cynical an, unable to love and his siter is the only one that sees thru the facade to a point. This is a new bond that the two begin, which is one of the reasons that he watches her at her indoor baseball game. War is a terrible thing. It destroys lives and can forever change the landscape of the mind and soul. Both Krebs and Bowker share some very similar traits even though coming from two different wars. And yet each man can stand-alone without the need for the other.

Describe, giving reasons, how a judge in the High Court might approach Essay

Describe, giving reasons, how a judge in the High Court might approach claims for nervous shock (psychiatric injury) from the de - Essay Example The twins’ father who was at the stadium during the disaster also experienced psychiatric injury but was still able to help the injured others. Issue: Whether or not the psychiatric injury claim of the deceased boy’s grandmother, mother and father would prosper. Cause of Action Cause of action in the instant scenario shall be analyzed in reference to the case of Dulieu v White (1901), a landmark precedent. In that case, the High Court granted the plaintiff’s claim for nervous shock. The defendant’s negligent act actually frightened a pregnant woman which eventually caused her to miscarry. Judge Kennedy J set forth the following requisites for filing a psychiatric injury claim: (1) the fright or shock whether mere or substantial is followed by a physical damage (2) the fright or shock is a natural result of the defendant’s negligence (3) the physical damage done is not too remote to support the claim. Phillimor J added one more requirement, that is, there should be a legal obligation on the defendant’s part not to frighten or shock the plaintiff by his or her negligent act. All of the mentioned requisites should be present in order for cause of action to exist. The respective situations of the deceased twins’ grandmother, mother and father shall be subjected to analysis. As to the twins’ grandmother and mother, it is contended that they have no cause of action. First, no consequent physical damage has transpired after they were frightened. Notably, the two were merely watching the whole event on television. Stated otherwise, they were not located in the place of incidence. Although their fright can be regarded as a normal result of the defendant’s (the stadium owner) negligence, still the third and fourth requisites are not complied with. The remoteness of the physical damage done shall not be dealt with since there was no physical damage to speak of in the first place. As the game was aired on telev ision, the stadium owner had a duty to prevent any circumstance that would frighten the audience. In the given scenario, the horrific event was unluckily televised which shocked the boys’ grandmother and mother. In that respect, the stadium owner is negligent. James and Christopher’s father has also no cause of action. Despite the fact that their father was at the place of incidence, it is to be presumed that he did not suffer any physical damage. It was just stated that he too experienced nervous shock and administered first aid to the injured others. Needless to say, the first requisite is absent. His fright however is a normal effect of the defendant’s negligence. The third requisite is not an issue in this instance. Based on the stated findings, a High Court judge will declare that the twins’ grandmother, mother and father have no cause of action to file a case for psychiatric injury. Each of them may have complied with the second and fourth requisite s but they failed to pass the first and third conditions. This is in pursuance to its simple approach based on the exclusive elements of psychiatric injury. Legal Standing In the present scenario, legal standing (locus standi) shall be discussed in light of the principles enunciated in Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police (1992). Alcock was one of the injured victims in a crowd crush. In this case, the court did not uphold the plaintiff’s claim for nervous shock. The House of Lords promulgated two requisites for one to have a legal standing in

Principals of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Principals of Management - Essay Example If customers needs more detailed information not covered on the terminals, service centre staff needs to refer customer to the service centre manager who have a greater knowledge of services and products to ensure customer gets the correct information. The new customer service manager experience a increase in calls referred to her by service centre staff, even though they could have answered some of the questions themselves. This resulted in increased delay for customers as the manager will have to address more queries than necessary. This is supported by rising customer complaints about the time they have to wait on the phone. The manager is concerned and requested some guidance on the possible use of McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y to motivate staff. Firstly it is obvious that the service manager are new and may have taking the position over persons who have been with the bank a longer time, persons with more experience and skills. These persons may feel that they are not seen as good enough and that is why they where not considered for the manager position, influencing them negative and this they retaliate by acting as if they are unable to address the customers queries. Then the tasks these service centre staff have to perform has been designed in a monotonous and boring manner, offering no real challenge or a opportunity for staff to use their own initiative. This combined with strict control of staff's movements and restrictive job descriptions allows no flexibility, resulting in repetitive work without any break will be enough to reduce the employees willingness to perform. Furthermore, the strict control seem to only penalise staff and that there is very little in rewards for above average performance or dedication, giving staff no reason to improve their performance, or to help customers with little more complex questions. With only the service manager to help customers with more complex queries, staff will refer any customer to her if they ask questions only slightly deviating from the norm, without even trying to clarify what the customer wants to know. Five Functions of a Manager Before looking at motivational theories we need to look at the functions of a manager. Management is management in any organization and the principals of management are general and not specific to any business environment. "However, management is universal only if the manager has become familiar with the specific situation in which it is applied. Production technology, customer characteristics and the culture of the industry are examples of specifics that managers need to learn to be effective in applying their generic management skills," (James Higgins, 1994). The main goal of a manager is to reach the organisations mission and objectives through the five functions of management; planning, organizing, staffing, directing and control. It must be stressed that even though a manager have the ability to apply the five functions of management to accomplish the organizations goals, it is no guarantee that he or she will be successful. Managers also need to be effective and efficient, effective in achieving goals and efficient in allocating resources. Below the functions defined as: Planning Planning is the continuous process of developing business objectives and determining how they will be accomplished. Planning can be broad, as in designing the mission of a organisation

Management Accounting and the Environment Essay

Management Accounting and the Environment - Essay Example There are different approaches which help to identify the future goals of Charity organizations and detect the threats. Accountants' examination of Charity organizations gives useful insights into the nature of strategy itself. Management accountancy in Charity organizations is normally associated with more rational approaches to reporting. Perhaps its greatest contribution lies in providing the management accountant strategist a broad framework for analysing the position of organizations at a particular moment in time. It can also be useful in the development of a number of strategic options which attempt to tackle opportunities and threats, build on corporate strengths and avoid weaknesses. An important consideration is that for most management there is a choice of strategy (Collins, Davies, Weetman, 1992). New environment needs the approach based upon the assumption that information is readily available to the accountants and an accurate assessment can be made of its likely impact on organizations. This is not always the case and the entire process is subject to behavioural influences. The so-called rational techniques have been criticized as 'pseudo-science'. Nonetheless this is the basic approach used by many researchers (Kirkham, Loft, 1993). In the 1980s the emergence of an increasingly complex and turbulent business environment called for modifications in the rational approach. The environment plays an important role for charitable organizations, because there are more groups for whom the financial records are of potential interest. These groups include paid staff, volunteers, beneficiaries, donors (including grant making trusts), institutional and corporate funders, government departments, rating authorities, The Charity Commission, the press and the public as well as the Inland Revenue and HM Customs and Excise. As a result of this Charity Accounts can be subject to more requirements than private sector organisations of equivalent size (Parker, 2001). In the light of this it is possible to distinguish three main functions of accountants: the raising of funds or financial management; the contribution of accounting to management control and decision-making; and the function of financial reporting. Accountants in Charitable organizations need to prepare and maintain accounting records. These records must be retained for at least six years (at least three years in the case of charitable companies), and make the accounts available to the public on request. In charitable organizations accounts can be prepared using one of two bases: receipts and payments basis which consists of an account summarising all money received and paid out by the charity in the year in question, and a statement giving details of its assets and liabilities at the end of the year. "Accruals basis contains a balance sheet showing the charity's financial position at the end of the year in question, a statement of financial activities (SOFA) during the year and explanatory notes. They, in accountancy terms, should give a "true and fair view" (Sayer, 1998). Recent years accounting has been seen as a management function which obtains influenced significantly by those who prepare and

Causes of Different Types of Crimes

Causes of Different Types of Crimes Deviant behaviors are those behaviors that society does not like because the society does not see the behavior as a normal behavior for that society. Like gay marriages or cross dressers. Deviant behavior that is criminal is when the behavior becomes harmful to those in the society. Like murdering a person. A behavior that is criminal but not deviant would be driving under the influence or being intoxicated in public. A behavior that is deviant but not criminal would be a teenager with piercings and tattoos all over their body. A behavior that is both deviant and criminal would be spousal abuse. Society determines which behaviors are deviant and which are criminal. Governments or even individuals can convince local authorities that a deviant act is criminal or vice versa. Criminal laws vary because the laws are imposed by the local authorities so the laws will be different from city to city, state to state, or even town to town. Criminologists utilize three primary sources of data that provide information on the nature and extent of crime. Identify and explain each of these three different sources of crime data. Also, assess the strengths and weaknesses of each source. Finally, provide an example of a research question that a criminologist may be interested in examining and then explain which source of crime data the researcher would need to utilize to answer his/her question. The three primary sources of data that can provide information on the nature and extent of crime are (1) crimes that get reported to the authorities, this includes the uniform crime reports and the national incident based reporting system (2) victimization surveys which includes the national crime victimization survey and (3) the self-report surveys that include the monitoring the future studies. The uniform crime reports are recorded by the FBI and include all the crimes that have been reported to the authorities and how many arrests are made. The report that the FBI makes is sectioned out by city and county by the most serious crimes that occurred. These are called part I crimes and part II crimes Part I crimes include things like rape, robbery and burglary whereas part II crimes include sex crimes and other types of crimes not defined in the part I crimes. A strength for the UCR is the way that the data is collected makes the UCR a good indicator of patterns in crime. A weakness for the UCR is that many crimes are not reported to authorities and therefore do not get counted. The national incident based reporting system goes a step further than the UCR does in that it requires local authorities to provide a report of the arrest that includes details of the incident and also information on the victim and the criminal. These reports are sent to the FBI for only certain offenses that include not only the offenses that the URC covers but also includes white collar crimes and drug offenses. A strength of the national incident based reporting system is that it includes more details on the crimes than the UCR does which will hopefully improve how accurate the crime data is. A weakness of the NIBRS is that it only reports crime that have been reported to authorities it does not include crimes that have taken place but not reported by the victim. The national crime victimization survey is a survey that the census bureau does for the bureau of justice statistics on a yearly basis. The survey collects information from individuals about crimes even if they were not reported to the police. The survey collects information on the victim, offender and the crime that took place. People that are raped are more likely to report on the survey the crime instead of reporting it to the police because of fear, shame or embarrassment. A strength of the NCVS is that it includes crimes that are not reported to police by using a survey once a year. This allows the NCVS to give a more current picture of the annual crime that is taking place. A weakness for the NCVS is that it relies too much on the person taking the survey and hopes that the person remembers the crime correctly. If they dont remember it correctly then the crime gets reported incorrectly. Monitoring the future studies is a type of self-report survey that allows information on crimes to be collected without the person being identified as the offender. It is used to find out criminal histories and also find out about the participants background to see if links can be made between childhood crimes and drug use or between bad grades and crime. A strength of the self-report survey is that the person remains anonymous so the person is more likely to report drug abuse crimes and other crimes that have not been reported to the authorities. A weakness of the self-report survey is that people with criminal records are not willing to admit to their criminal activity because they do not want to go back to jail. A criminologist may be interested in looking at how to reduce juvenile probation rates. The criminologist could use the data from a self-report survey like the monitoring the future survey to look at crimes that have been committed by the youth and how those can relate to the attitudes of the survey takers to see if there is a link between youth crimes and probation rates and how to reduce those crimes. Rape is one of the most misunderstood and feared crimes. Identify and discuss the causal factors that explain why men commit rape. There are five factors that can explain why men commit rape. (1)Evolutionary, Biological factors, (2) Socialization factors (3) Mental factors (4) Learned behavior and (5) sexual attraction to their victims. Each of these have explanations as to why men commit rape as we will see. The evolutionary, biological factors go back to the days of the cave man. In this factor it is believed the reason a man rapes a women is because it is instinctual or inbreed within him from prehistoric times. Back then if a species was to survive it had to produce offspring and rape of a woman was a way to help ensure the male that his genes were spread and that he had a lot of offspring to keep the species alive. Sort of like the survival of the fittest only with a sexual twist. Males that were more aggressive towards women had a better chance of having offspring. The socialization factors leads to men that are taught by society that in some cases being aggressive and raping a woman is ok especially if they get turned down by a woman. Men who have grown up believing that no means yes are the ones that are the most likely to rape a woman. They have been taught by other males that it is ok to be rough with a woman in this case because it is really what she wants to happen. Other men just rape because it makes them feel like a big man or like they are the real man in their warped minds. Mental factors that may cause rape include mental illness. Many rapist are mentally ill and do not realize that they are. Some have a narcissistic personality disorder that causes them to rape because they want to satisfy their own needs and feel dominant over the woman. In the learned behavior factor it is believed that most rapists have been abused sexually themselves sometime in the past and have learned this behavior from those experiences or have learned the behavior from their friends or from watching porn. Some men rape because they feel a sexual attraction to their victims that they cannot control. Within the sexual motivation factor it is believed that older rapists are more violent with their victims than younger rapists are because the older rapists are motivated by other factors than sexual attraction. Men commit rape for various reasons from wanting to feel like they are in control and are powerful to just wanting to have sex. Others commit rape because they have no control over themselves such as in the case of someone with a mental illness. Others learn how to rape from the abuse they have suffered in the past. In any case rape is rape and it is wrong. Explain the three causal theories of white-collar crime and explain which one best explains the Madoff Affair and why? The three causal theories of white collar crime are the rationalization/neutralization view, the corporate culture view and the self-control view. Criminals often use these theories to help ease their conscience and help them live with themselves. Our textbook says that rationalizations allow offenders to meet their financial needs without compromising their values. A lot of criminals start committing crimes when they are very young but with the rationalization view an offender would need to be an adult and be in a position where they could take advantage of the business that they work for in order to commit a white collar crime. They find themselves in a situation where they need money and commit the crime in hopes that they do not get caught. By the offender being an adult most of the time they have people in their lives that they do not want to disappoint. By rationalizing the reasons they committed the crime such as needing money to pay bills, etc. it lets them be able to live with the crime that they have committed. In the neutralization view there are three top reasons people use to help them deal with the guilt of the crime they have committed, (1)everyone else does it, (2) its not my fault or responsibility, and (3) no one is hurt except the insurance companies, and they are wealthy. Like the rationalization view the neutralization view helps the criminals deal with the guilt of committing a crime. It is a way to mentally cope and continue to live with what they have done. A lot of people take the stance of its not my fault or responsibility people today want to have money and enjoy life but they do not want to work hard to succeeded they want everything handed to them. When this does not happen they turn to white collar crimes so that they can continue to live the life they are used to and resort to using these two views to help them mentally cope with what they have done. I can imagine that living with the knowledge that you have committed a crime especially if that crime is against someone else it has to be hard to deal with that fact every day if you have any kind of conscience at all. The corporate culture view compares businesses with culture. Businesses that promote white collar crime and look the other way when that crime happens is like a culture looking the other way on an act that is happening in a society that they do not agree with. Our textbook states that according to the corporate culture view, some business enterprises cause crime by placing excessive demands on employees, while maintaining a business climate tolerant of employee deviance. To me this is like a big corporation like Windstream that I use to work for. They would put unreasonable demands on the employees that lead to some of the employees committing crimes against the company, but then just look the other way when someone in management would do something that was equally wrong or sometimes even the same crime. Most businesses today want to make a profit no matter what the cost is. When these businesses instill in their employees that making this profit no matter how it is done is a good th ing this is when you end up with white collar crimes. The self-control view takes the stance that white collar crime does not happen as often as people think it does because businesses hire people that have a measure of self-control that keeps them from committing a white collar crime. Most white collar criminals want something for nothing. They want the financial reward without the effort of work to earn those rewards. This is the same with any crime such as burglary. The thief when he breaks into a house wants to profit from the theft without having to do a lot of work to earn the same amount of money. I feel like the rationalization/neutralization view would best explain the Madoff Affair because Bernard Madoff claimed that he merely wanted to satisfy his clients expectations of high returns and that their demands simply could not be met by legal means. In this statement he was rationalizing the reasons for committing the crimes that he did. He knew that the crimes he had committed over the years were wrong but he did not want to have to live with the guilt of those crimes so he came up with reasons for the crimes that in his mind were valid reasons of why he had to do what he did. Each of the three views of white collar crime has their own way of easing a criminals mind about what crime they have committed. Such as everybody does it or lets just look the other way because greed is good and finally a criminal that wants quick benefits with minimal effort. Criminals will continue to look for ways to ease their minds about why they commit the crimes that they do Source: Siegel, L. J. (2011). Criminology, the core. (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Pub Co.

Architecture Set In Motion Essay examples -- essays research papers

1. Bouffrand: Salon de la Princess, hotel de Soubise, Paris, France, begun 1730’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Salon de la Princess, is a many sided cylindrical interior room and is part of the Rococo style that incorporates minimal architectural features and light airy decor, that develops into a profession of interior design. Rococo is the revolt against complicated Baroque that decorated the interior of Versailles, in revolt against the palace and after the death of Louis XIV, French women who had city houses in Paris inspired a new lightened airy style of decor and architecture. As seen in the Salon de la Princess, the structure of the room has virtually been covered up by white walls of wood and mirrors, and it only contains hints of the classical orders and conventions, while conveying the modern concept of space free of major structural forms. The predominate feature in the room is the gold plaster decorations that adorn the entire space and within this is seen the main curving arabesque line that flows throughout the style and characterizes it as a free flowing for m of design, and makes classical references to the fantasy decorations used by the mannerist and found in the Roman villas, complete with cupids, garlands, and birds. Salon de la Princesse is the last major style before neoclassicism, but the free form of the style is a predominate feature in modern organic architecture, and redevelops in the late nineteenth century through the style of Art Nouveau, which is used by Victor Horta, in the Tassel House. 2.Hoare et al.: Stourhead, Wiltshire, England, redesign begun 1750s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The â€Å"English† garden is one of the greatest gifts that English designers have contributed to the world of architecture, and the gardens that surround the Stourhead estate in Wiltshire England are massed with many forms of natural origin, and as containers of natural descent they incorporate curving elements, as in the cylinder, cone and sphere, however among the natural creations are manmade structures that contradict natures’ verdant burgeoning display of the curve, with structures that include the cube, or squared forms that makes for a cornucopia of forms both natural and manmade. The inspiration behind the English garden lay in the Neoclassical movement against the structural formality of the Renaissance garden landscape, and in England wh... ...oses of space. One main idea developed by Wright through his career is architecture set in motion and true to a living organism, like the three planes in Falling Water that seem to hover over top the water fall, as do the walls that wrap around the Guggenheim forming a structural cyclone, which is mirrored on the interior by a ramp that wraps around a central atrium and provides for displaying art work along the walls of the ramp, but proves to be quite unsuccessful because Wright as an egomaniac made certain that the structure is the main focus and the most dynamic art piece exibited, putting architecture on the same plane as the visual arts. As many of his homes influence modern day suburban America in the Historicism movement, the Guggenheim influences the Post Modern Movement, a theory in practice that believes Modernism failed and incorporates references to the past with sculptural freedom and clarity of form, as does the latest and most dynamic display of architecture to come out of the 1990’s, and direct descendent from Wright’s, New York museum, is Frank O. Gehry’s Guggenheim Museum(1997) in Bilbao, Spain, that Philip Johnson called, â€Å"the greatest building of our century†.